Abstract

A list of the most cited works in recent philosophy journals, with a couple of observations. The top of the list has lots of epistemology, metaphysics, and philosophy of science. It has much less mind, language, ethics and (recent) political philosophy. The list is very white, male, and not particularly young. That said, the list of younger authors on the list is much more diverse than the list as a whole.

Recently I’ve been looking at the citation data available through a new-ish open access initiative: OpenAlex.¹ Because it’s open access, and updated in real time, I though I’d use it to get a sense of which pieces have been most cited in philosophy journals this decade.² This took a bit of effort, but I downloaded and processed the citations from the 100 journals I’ve been looking at in previous posts.³

¹ I’m grateful to Kathleen Folger at the UM library for suggesting this. I’d been talking with her about Michigan’s Web of Science subscription, and she pointed out, correctly, that it might be better to use an open access source.

² The journals I’m looking at are listed in Section 5.

³ The processing was done largely by the openalexR package (Aria et al. 2024).

Table 1 lists the pieces, books, chapters, and journal articles, which have been cited 40 or more times in these journals between 2020 and 2024. The links in each case go to the OpenAlex page for the entry.

Table 1: Pieces with at least 40 citations in recent journals.

Rank	Citations	Author	Title
1	961	Timothy Williamson	Knowledge And Its Limits
2	758	Miranda Fricker	Epistemic Injustice
3	656	John Rawls	A Theory Of Justice
4	394	James Woodward	Making Things Happen: A Theory Of Causal Explanation
5	319	David Lewis	New Work For A Theory Of Universals
6	312	Timothy Williamson	The Philosophy Of Philosophy
7	285	Herman Cappelen	Fixing Language
8	283	Theodore Sider	Writing The Book Of The World
9	271	Ruth Garrett Millikan	Language, Thought, And Other Biological Categories
10	259	José Medina	The Epistemology Of Resistance
11	258	John Hawthorne	Knowledge And Lotteries
12	249	Kit Fine	Guide To Ground
13	247	Bas C. van Fraassen	The Scientific Image
14	243	Robert Nozick	Anarchy, State, And Utopia
15	242	Ernest Sosa	A Virtue Epistemology
16	239	James Ladyman, Don Ross, with David Spurrett and John Collier	Every Thing Must Go
17	237	D. M. Armstrong	A World Of States Of Affairs
18	236	Saul A. Kripke	Naming And Necessity
19	234	Sally Haslanger	Gender And Race: (What) Are They? (What) Do We Want Them To Be?
20	231	Gideon Rosen	Metaphysical Dependence: Grounding And Reduction
21	230	Thomas Kuhn	The Structure Of Scientific Revolutions
22	228	Helen E. Longino	Science As Social Knowledge
23	226	Christine M. Korsgaard	The Sources Of Normativity
24	222	Sally Haslanger	Resisting Reality
25	220	Tyler Burge	Origins Of Objectivity
26	219	Heather Douglas	Science, Policy, And The Value-Free Ideal
27	216	Jonathan Schaffer	On What Grounds What
28	212	Mark Schroeder	Slaves Of The Passions
29	211	Theodore Sider	Four-Dimensionalism
30	210	Ludwig Wittgenstein	Philosophical Investigations.
30	210	Michael Weisberg	Simulation And Similarity
32	207	John Broome	Rationality Through Reasoning
33	205	W. V. Quine	Two Dogmas Of Empiricism
34	202	Immanuel Kant	Critique Of Pure Reason
35	201	Bas C. van Fraassen	Laws And Symmetry
36	195	Kit Fine	Essence And Modality: The Second Philosophical Perspectives Lecture
37	193	Rudolph Carnap	Logical Foundations Of Probability
38	188	Carl F. Craver	Explaining The Brain
39	186	David Lewis	On The Plurality Of Worlds
40	185	Timothy Williamson	Modal Logic As Metaphysics
41	183	James J. Gibson	The Ecological Approach To Visual Perception
41	183	Kristie Dotson	Tracking Epistemic Violence, Tracking Practices Of Silencing
43	182	John MacFarlane	Assessment Sensitivity
44	178	Jakob Hohwy	The Predictive Mind
45	175	Linda Zagzebski	Virtues Of The Mind
46	174	David Hume	A Treatise Of Human Nature
47	173	Derek Parfit	On What Matters
48	170	Donald Davidson	Essays On Actions And Events
48	170	John Martin Fischer and Mark Ravizza	Responsibility And Control
48	170	Peter Machamer, Lindley Darden, and Carl F. Craver	Thinking About Mechanisms
51	169	Kendall L. Walton	Mimesis As Make-Believe
52	168	Andy Clark and David J. Chalmers	The Extended Mind
53	167	Gilbert Ryle	The Concept Of Mind
54	163	Edmund L. Gettier	Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?
55	162	Jason Stanley	Knowledge And Practical Interests
56	159	John R. Searle	Intentionality
57	158	Tim Maudlin	The Metaphysics Within Physics
57	158	Ernest Sosa	Judgment And Agency
59	157	Thomas Nagel	What Is It Like To Be A Bat?
59	157	Allan Gibbard	Wise Choices, Apt Feelings
61	154	Donald Davidson	Actions, Reasons, And Causes
61	154	David Lewis	Elusive Knowledge
61	154	Christian List and Philip Pettit	Group Agency
64	153	Robert Nozick	Philosophical Explanations.
65	152	Jonathan Schaffer	Monism: The Priority Of The Whole
65	152	Richard Pettigrew	Accuracy And The Laws Of Credence
67	151	Robert Brandom	Making It Explicit : Reasoning, Representing, And Discursive Commitment
67	151	Thomas Scanlon	What We Owe To Each Other
69	150	John Locke	An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
69	150	John R. Searle	Speech Acts
69	150	Duncan Pritchard	Epistemic Luck
69	150	Alexander Bird	Nature’s Metaphysics
69	150	Andy Clark	Surfing Uncertainty: Prediction, Action, And The Embodied Mind
74	149	Alvin I. Goldman	Simulating Minds: The Philosophy, Psychology, And Neuroscience Of Mindreading
75	147	Peter Spirtes, Clark Glymour, and Richard Scheines	Causation, Prediction, And Search
75	147	T. M. Scanlon	Moral Dimensions
77	145	René Descartes	The Philosophical Writings Of Descartes
78	144	W. V. Quine	From An Ontological Point Of View
78	144	Michael Strevens	Depth: An Account Of Scientific Explanation
80	141	J.L. Austin	How To Do Things With Words
81	140	Angela Potochnik	Idealization And The Aims Of Science
82	139	Earl Conee and Richard Feldman	Evidentialism
82	139	Elizabeth Anderson	What Is The Point Of Equality?
84	137	Susanna Siegel	The Contents Of Visual Experience
85	136	David Lewis	Convention
85	136	Immanuel Kant	Critique Of The Power Of Judgment
85	136	John F. Rawls	Justice As Fairness
85	136	Jonathan Dancy	Ethics Without Principles
85	136	Jeremy Fantl and Matthew McGrath	Knowledge In An Uncertain World
85	136	Edouard Machery	Philosophy Within Its Proper Bounds
91	135	D. M. Armstrong	What Is A Law Of Nature?
91	135	Derek Parfit	Reasons And Persons
91	135	Francisco J. Varela, Evan Thompson, and Eleanor Rosch	The Embodied Mind
91	135	James M. Joyce	A Nonpragmatic Vindication Of Probabilism
91	135	John Campbell	Reference And Consciousness
96	134	Fred Feldman and J. L. Mackie	Ethics: Inventing Right And Wrong.
97	133	James Pryor	The Skeptic And The Dogmatist
97	133	John Hawthorne and Jason Stanley	Knowledge And Action
99	132	P. F. Strawson	Freedom And Resentment
99	132	Jonathan L. Kvanvig	The Value Of Knowledge And The Pursuit Of Understanding
101	131	Roger Clarke	Belief Is Credence One (In Context)
101	131	C. Thi Nguyen	Echo Chambers And Epistemic Bubbles
103	130	Richard G. Moran	Authority And Estrangement
103	130	José Medina	Race And Epistemologies Of Ignorance
103	130	Jonathan Schaffer	Grounding In The Image Of Causation
103	130	Errol Lord	The Importance Of Being Rational
103	130	Nicholas Shea	Representation In Cognitive Science
108	128	Tyler Burge	Individualism And The Mental
108	128	Stephen Darwall	The Second-Person Standpoint: Morality, Respect, And Accountability
108	128	L. A. Paul	Transformative Experience
111	127	David Lewis	Causation
111	127	Christine M. Korsgaard	Self-Constitution
111	127	Kate Manne	Down Girl
114	126	Alvin I. Goldman	Knowledge In A Social World
114	126	Hilary Putnam	The Meaning Of ‘Meaning’
114	126	David Enoch	Taking Morality Seriously
114	126	Lara Buchak	Risk And Rationality
118	125	Aristotle	The Complete Works Of Aristotle
118	125	Karen Bennett	Making Things Up
120	124	Justin D’Arms and Daniel Jacobson	The Moralistic Fallacy: On The ‘Appropriateness’ Of Emotions
120	124	Jessica Wilson	No Work For A Theory Of Grounding
122	123	Harry G. Frankfurt	Freedom Of The Will And The Concept Of A Person
122	123	David Lewis	Attitudes De Dicto And De Se
122	123	David Lewis	Scorekeeping In A Language Game
122	123	David J. Chalmers	The Conscious Mind: In Search Of A Fundamental Theory
122	123	Gaile Pohlhaus	Relational Knowing And Epistemic Injustice: Toward A Theory Ofwillful Hermeneutical Ignorance
127	121	Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman	Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics And Biases
128	120	William James	The Principles Of Psychology, Vol I.
128	120	Michael Dummett	Frege: Philosophy Of Language
128	120	Wesley C. Salmon	Scientific Explanation And The Causal Structure Of The World
128	120	Crispin Wright	Truth And Objectivity
132	119	Bernard Williams	Moral Luck
133	118	T. M. Scanlon	Being Realistic About Reasons
133	118	Benjamin Kiesewetter	The Normativity Of Rationality
135	117	Robert Stalnaker	A Theory Of Conditionals
135	117	Alvin I. Goldman	What Is Justified Belief?
137	116	Harry G. Frankfurt	Alternate Possibilities And Moral Responsibility
137	116	Anthony Chemero	Radical Embodied Cognitive Science
137	116	Julien Deonna and Fabrice Teroni	The Emotions
137	116	Derk Pereboom	Free Will, Agency, And Meaning In Life
141	115	David Lewis	Counterfactual Dependence And Time’s Arrow
141	115	David Christensen	Epistemology Of Disagreement: The Good News
141	115	John Greco	Achieving Knowledge
144	114	Nelson Goodman	Fact, Fiction, And Forecast.
144	114	H. P. Grice	Logic And Conversation
144	114	Jerry A. Fodor	Psychosemantics
144	114	Michael Tye	Ten Problems Of Consciousness
148	113	Jaegwon Kim	Physicalism, Or Something Near Enough
149	112	Alvin I. Goldman	Discrimination And Perceptual Knowledge
149	112	Judea Pearl	Causality
149	112	Christine Tappolet	Emotions, Values, And Agency
152	111	Saul A. Kripke	Outline Of A Theory Of Truth
152	111	Fred Dretske	Knowledge And The Flow Of Information.
152	111	Robert Stalnaker	Common Ground
155	110	Ned Block	On A Confusion About A Function Of Consciousness
156	109	Jerry A. Fodor	The Modularity Of Mind
156	109	Jason Stanley and Timothy Willlamson	Knowing How
158	108	Frank Jackson	Epiphenomenal Qualia
158	108	Sharon Street	A Darwinian Dilemma For Realist Theories Of Value
158	108	Susan Carey	The Origin Of Concepts
158	108	Catherine Z. Elgin	True Enough
162	107	Robert Cummins	Functional Analysis
163	106	Adam Elga	Reflection And Disagreement
163	106	Kevin Scharp	Replacing Truth
165	105	Crispin Wright	Warrant For Nothing (And Foundations For Free)?
165	105	Paul Audi	Grounding: Toward A Theory Of The In-Virtue-Of Relation
165	105	Jane Friedman	Why Suspend Judging?
168	104	Fred Dretske	Explaining Behavior
168	104	Alexis Burgess and David Plunkett	Conceptual Ethics I
168	104	Andy Clark	Whatever Next? Predictive Brains, Situated Agents, And The Future Of Cognitive Science
171	103	Nancy Cartwright	How The Laws Of Physics Lie
171	103	Niko Kolodny	Why Be Rational?
173	102	H. P. Grice	Meaning
173	102	Bas C. van Fraassen	The Scientific Image
173	102	Heather Douglas	Inductive Risk And Values In Science
173	102	Martha C. Nussbaum	Upheavals Of Thought
173	102	Duncan Pritchard	Anti-Luck Virtue Epistemology
178	101	Daniel D. Hutto and Erik Myin	Radicalizing Enactivism: Basic Minds Without Content
178	101	Paul Boghossian	What Is Inference?
180	100	Ian Hacking	Representing And Intervening
180	100	Jonathan Haidt	The Emotional Dog And Its Rational Tail: A Social Intuitionist Approach To Moral Judgment.
180	100	Nishi Shah and J. David Velleman	Doxastic Deliberation
180	100	Graham Priest	In Contradiction
184	99	Ludwig Wittgenstein	Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
184	99	Graham Priest	The Logic Of Paradox
184	99	Barbara Vetter	Potentiality
184	99	Cristina Bicchieri	Norms In The Wild: How To Diagnose, Measure, And Change Social Norms
184	99	Martin Smith	Between Probability And Certainty
184	99	Karen Neander	A Mark Of The Mental
190	98	Russ Shafer‐Landau	Moral Realism
190	98	Graham Priest	An Introduction To Non-Classical Logic
192	97	Edward Craig	Knowledge And The State Of Nature: An Essay In Conceptual Synthesis.
192	97	William C. Wimsatt	Re-Engineering Philosophy For Limited Beings
192	97	Michael Thompson	Life And Action
192	97	Kristie Dotson	Conceptualizing Epistemic Oppression
192	97	Michael E. Bratman	Shared Agency
192	97	Brian Epstein	The Ant Trap
198	96	David Hume	An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
198	96	W. D. Ross	The Right And The Good
198	96	Alvin I. Goldman	Experts: Which Ones Should You Trust?
198	96	Jeff McMahan	The Ethics Of Killing
198	96	John R. Searle	Making The Social World
203	95	Kent Bach, and Robert M. Harnish	Linguistic Communication And Speech Acts.
203	95	James M. Joyce	The Foundations Of Causal Decision Theory
203	95	Nancy Cartwright	The Dappled World
203	95	Stathis Psillos	Scientific Realism: How Science Tracks Truth
203	95	David Christensen	Higher‐Order Evidence
203	95	Karl Friston	The Free-Energy Principle: A Unified Brain Theory?
209	94	Thomas Kühn	The Essential Tension
209	94	David Shoemaker	Responsibility From The Margins
209	94	Jane Friedman	Inquiry And Belief
212	93	Angelika Kratzer	What ‘Must’ And ‘Can’ Must And Can Mean
212	93	Annette C. Baier	Trust And Antitrust
212	93	Maurice Merleau-Ponty	Phenomenology Of Perception
215	92	P. F. Strawson	Individuals: An Essay In Descriptive Metaphysics
215	92	Bernard Williams	Truth And Truthfulness: An Essay In Genealogy
215	92	M. G. F. Martin	The Transparency Of Experience
215	92	Haṡok Chang	Inventing Temperature
215	92	H. R. G. Greaves and David Wallace	Justifying Conditionalization: Conditionalization Maximizes Expected Epistemic Utility
215	92	Miriam Schoenfield	Permission To Believe: Why Permissivism Is True And What It Tells Us About Irrelevant Influences On Belief
215	92	Shamik Dasgupta	The Possibility Of Physicalism
215	92	Cian Dorr	To Be F Is To Be G
223	91	J. A. Fodor	Special Sciences (Or: The Disunity Of Science As A Working Hypothesis)
223	91	J. David Velleman and Michael E. Bratman	Intention, Plans, And Practical Reason.
223	91	Ernest Sosa	How To Defeat Opposition To Moore
226	90	Leonard J. Savage	The Foundations Of Statistics.
226	90	Stephen Darwall	Two Kinds Of Respect
226	90	Paul K. Moser	Epistemology And Cognition
226	90	David Lewis	Symposium: Chance And Credence
226	90	Derk Pereboom	Living Without Free Will
226	90	Jennifer Lackey	Learning From Words
226	90	Brian Skyrms	Signals
226	90	Lara Buchak	Belief, Credence, And Norms
234	89	Hilary Putnam	Reason, Truth And History
234	89	Christopher Peacocke	A Study Of Concepts
234	89	Ludwig Wittgenstein	Philosophical Investigations
234	89	Julia Annas	Intelligent Virtue
238	88	John Searle	The Construction Of Social Reality
238	88	Alison Hills	Moral Testimony And Moral Epistemology
238	88	Jason Stanley	Know How
238	88	Sarah Moss	Probabilistic Knowledge
242	87	Bertrand Russell	On Denoting
242	87	John Perry	The Problem Of The Essential Indexical
242	87	Jeremy Fantl and Matthew McGrath	Evidence, Pragmatics, And Justification
242	87	Bill Brewer	Perception And Its Objects
242	87	Hannes Leitgeb	The Stability Theory Of Belief
247	86	Carl G. Hempel and Paul Oppenheim	Studies In The Logic Of Explanation
247	86	Carl G. Hempel	Aspects Of Scientific Explanation And Other Essays In The Philosophy Of Science.
247	86	Daniel C. Dennett	Real Patterns
247	86	Fred Dretske, Cnrs Editions, and François Récanati	Naturalizing The Mind
247	86	Edouard Machery	Doing Without Concepts
252	85	Michael Tye	Consciousness, Color, And Content
252	85	David Christensen	Putting Logic In Its Place
252	85	Elizabeth Anderson	The Imperative Of Integration
252	85	Robert Stalnaker	Context
256	84	Ronald de Sousa	The Rationality Of Emotion
256	84	Patrícia Hill Collins	Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, And The Politics Of Empowerment.
256	84	Stephen Yablo	Mental Causation
256	84	David Wallace	The Emergent Multiverse
256	84	Michael McKenna	Conversation And Responsibility
261	83	G. E. M. Anscombe	Modern Moral Philosophy
261	83	Philippa Foot	Natural Goodness
261	83	Kim Sterelny	The Evolved Apprentice
264	82	Keith DeRose	Contextualism And Knowledge Attributions
264	82	Richard Feldman	The Ethics Of Belief
264	82	Rae Langton	Speech Acts And Unspeakable Acts
264	82	François Recanati	Mental Files
264	82	Jacob Ross and Mark Schroeder	Belief, Credence, And Pragmatic Encroachment¹
264	82	Alison Hills	Understanding Why
264	82	Philip Goff	Consciousness And Fundamental Reality
271	81	Irene Heim and Angelika Kratzer	Semantics In Generative Grammar
271	81	Peter Lipton	Inference To The Best Explanation
271	81	William Bechtel and Adele Abrahamsen	Explanation: A Mechanist Alternative
271	81	Hartry Field	Saving Truth From Paradox
271	81	Stephen Mumford and Rani Lill Anjum	Getting Causes From Powers
271	81	Tom L. Beauchamp and James F. Childress	Principles Of Biomedical Ethics
271	81	Stuart Glennan	The New Mechanical Philosophy
278	80	Patrick Blackburn, Maarten de Rijke, and Yde Venema	Modal Logic
278	80	David J. Chalmers	Does Conceivability Entail Possibility?
278	80	Roger M. White	Epistemic Permissiveness
278	80	William Ramsey	Representation Reconsidered
278	80	Maria Lasonen‐Aarnio	Higher‐Order Evidence And The Limits Of Defeat
283	79	Richard Rudner	The Scientist Qua Scientist Makes Value Judgments
283	79	Fred Dretske	Epistemic Operators
283	79	John R. Searle	Minds, Brains, And Programs
283	79	Philip Kitcher	The Division Of Cognitive Labor
283	79	Simon Blackburn	Ruling Passions
283	79	Pamela Hieronymi	The Wrong Kind Of Reason
283	79	Seth Yalcin	Epistemic Modals
283	79	Andy Clark	Supersizing The Mind
283	79	Alexander Skiles	Against Grounding Necessitarianism
283	79	Daniel D. Hutto and Erik Myin	Evolving Enactivism
293	78	Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky	Prospect Theory: An Analysis Of Decision Under Risk
293	78	H. B. Barlow	Vision: A Computational Investigation Into The Human Representation And Processing Of Visual Information
293	78	Christine M. Korsgaard	Creating The Kingdom Of Ends
293	78	Michael Huemer	Skepticism And The Veil Of Perception
293	78	Robert C. Roberts and W. Jay Wood	Intellectual Virtues
293	78	Tamar Szabó Gendler	Alief And Belief
293	78	Peter Godfrey‐Smith	Darwinian Populations And Natural Selection
293	78	Martha C. Nussbaum	Responsibility For Justice
293	78	Henk W. de Regt	Understanding Scientific Understanding
302	77	Bertrand Russell	The Principles Of Mathematics
302	77	Donald Davidson	Inquiries Into Truth And Interpretation
302	77	Helen E. Longino	The Fate Of Knowledge
302	77	M. G. F. Martin	The Limits Of Self-Awareness
302	77	Craige Roberts	Information Structure In Discourse: Towards An Integrated Formal Theory Of Pragmatics
302	77	David Plunkett and Timothy Sundell	Disagreement And The Semantics Of Normative And Evaluative Terms
302	77	Susanna Siegel	The Rationality Of Perception
309	76	David Lewis	Putnam’s Paradox
309	76	Harry G. Frankfurt	The Importance Of What We Care About
309	76	Gregory Currie and Ian Ravenscroft	Recreative Minds
309	76	Elizabeth Anderson	Epistemic Justice As A Virtue Of Social Institutions
309	76	Boris Kment	Modality And Explanatory Reasoning
309	76	Shaun Gallagher	Enactivist Interventions
309	76	Quassim Cassam	Vices Of The Mind
316	75	Gary Watson	Two Faces Of Responsibility
316	75	Jaegwon Kim	Mind In A Physical World
316	75	Robyn Carston	Thoughts And Utterances
316	75	D. M. Armstrong	Truth And Truthmakers
316	75	David J. Chalmers	The Character Of Consciousness
316	75	Tamar Szabó Gendler	On The Epistemic Costs Of Implicit Bias
316	75	Miranda Fricker	What’s The Point Of Blame? A Paradigm Based Explanation
323	74	W. V. Quine	Word And Object
323	74	David Makinson	The Paradox Of The Preface
323	74	Gregory Currie	The Nature Of Fiction
323	74	Simon Blackburn	Essays In Quasi-Realism
323	74	Timothy Williamson	Knowing And Asserting
323	74	Jonathan Bennett	A Philosophical Guide To Conditionals
323	74	Thomas Kelly	Epistemic Rationality As Instrumental Rationality: A Critique
323	74	Michael P. Lynch	Truth As One And Many
323	74	James Woodward	Causation In Biology: Stability, Specificity, And The Choice Of Levels Of Explanation
323	74	Erik Rietveld and Julian Kiverstein	A Rich Landscape Of Affordances
323	74	Kourken Michaelian	Mental Time Travel
334	73	Michael Dummett	The Logical Basis Of Metaphysics
334	73	Ruth Chang	The Possibility Of Parity
334	73	Jonathan Quong	Liberalism Without Perfection
334	73	Jane Friedman	Suspended Judgment
334	73	Jason Baehr	The Inquiring Mind
334	73	Sebastian Watzl	Structuring Mind
334	73	Rima Basu	The Wrongs Of Racist Beliefs
334	73	Elijah Chudnoff	The Epistemic Role Of Consciousness
342	72	Karen Neander	Functions As Selected Effects: The Conceptual Analyst’s Defense
342	72	Allen W. Wood	Kant’s Ethical Thought
342	72	John Broome	Weighing Lives
342	72	Pablo Cobreros, Paul Égré, Ellie Ripley, and Robert van Rooij	Tolerant, Classical, Strict
342	72	Matthew Soteriou	The Mind’s Construction
342	72	Steven French	The Structure Of The World
348	71	Ruth Garrett Millikan	In Defense Of Proper Functions
348	71	Karen Jones	Trust As An Affective Attitude
348	71	John Rowan	Consciousness And Experience
348	71	David Z. Albert	Time And Chance
348	71	Richard Joyce	The Myth Of Morality
348	71	Nomy Arpaly	Unprincipled Virtue: An Inquiry Into Moral Agency
348	71	María Alvarez	Kinds Of Reasons
348	71	Maria Lasonen‐Aarnio	Unreasonable Knowledge
348	71	Michael Tomasello	A Natural History Of Human Thinking
357	70	Gareth Evans	The Varieties Of Reference
357	70	Isaac Levi and Gilbert Harman	Change In View: Principles Of Reasoning.
357	70	Philip Kitcher	Science, Truth, And Democracy
357	70	Keith DeRose	Assertion, Knowledge, And Context
357	70	Angela M. Smith	Responsibility For Attitudes: Activity And Passivity In Mental Life
357	70	F. M. Kamm	Intricate Ethics
357	70	David J. Chalmers	Verbal Disputes
357	70	Jonathan Schaffer	Grounding, Transitivity, And Contrastivity
357	70	Kristie Dotson	A Cautionary Tale: On Limiting Epistemic Oppression
357	70	Kevin C. Elliott	A Tapestry Of Values
357	70	Richard Bradley	Decision Theory With A Human Face
357	70	Cecilia Heyes	Cognitive Gadgets
369	69	Gilbert Harman	The Intrinsic Quality Of Experience
369	69	Stephen Yablo	Is Conceivability A Guide To Possibility?
369	69	Wilfrid Sellars	Empiricism And The Philosophy Of Mind
369	69	Trenton Merricks	Objects And Persons
369	69	Brian Ellis	Scientific Essentialism
369	69	Sarah Stroud	Epistemic Partiality In Friendship
369	69	John Heil	The Universe As We Find It
369	69	Alastair Wilson	Metaphysical Causation
369	69	Sarah Moss	Moral Encroachment
369	69	Susanna Schellenberg	The Unity Of Perception
379	68	Bertrand Russell	Knowledge By Acquaintance And Knowledge By Description
379	68	Henry E. Kyburg and Paul Arthur Schilpp	The Philosophy Of Rudolf Carnap.
379	68	Alan Ross Anderson, Nuel Belnap, and J. Michael Dunn	Entailment : The Logic Of Relevance And Necessity
379	68	Kit Fine	Ontological Dependence
379	68	Ruth Garrett Millikan	Varieties Of Meaning
379	68	Neil Levy	Hard Luck
379	68	Herman Cappelen	Philosophy Without Intuitions
379	68	Manuel Vargas	Building Better Beings
379	68	John MacFarlane	Assessment Sensitivity: Relative Truth And Its Applications
379	68	Amie L. Thomasson	A Pragmatic Method For Normative Conceptual Work
389	67	David Lewis	Probabilities Of Conditionals And Conditional Probabilities
389	67	Sydney Shoemaker	Causality And Properties
389	67	David O. Brink	Moral Realism And The Foundations Of Ethics
389	67	Alvin Plantinga	Warrant And Proper Function
389	67	Edwin Hutchins	Cognition In The Wild
389	67	Immanuel Kant	Anthropology, History, And Education
389	67	William Fish	Perception, Hallucination, And Illusion
389	67	Julia Markovits	Acting For The Right Reasons
389	67	Katharine Jenkins	Amelioration And Inclusion: Gender Identity And The Concept Ofwoman
389	67	Michael G. Titelbaum	Rationality’s Fixed Point (Or: In Defense Of Right Reason)
389	67	Jane Friedman	The Epistemic And The Zetetic
400	66	Lewis Carroll	What The Tortoise Said To Achilles
400	66	Larry Wright	Functions
400	66	John Hardwig	Epistemic Dependence
400	66	Mark Johnston	How To Speak Of The Colors
400	66	Robert C. Roberts	Emotions
400	66	Cristina Bicchieri	The Grammar Of Society
400	66	David J. Chalmers	Perception And The Fall From Eden
400	66	Michael Weisberg	Three Kinds Of Idealization
400	66	Ralph Wedgwood	The Nature Of Normativity
400	66	Jerry A. Fodor	Lot 2
400	66	Keith DeRose	The Case For Contextualism
400	66	Uriah Kriegel	Subjective Consciousness
400	66	Barry Loewer	Two Accounts Of Laws And Time
413	65	Kit Fine	Vagueness, Truth And Logic
413	65	James Bogen and James Woodward	Saving The Phenomena
413	65	Laurence Bonjour	The Structure Of Empirical Knowledge
413	65	R. N. Boyd	Realism, Anti-Foundationalism And The Enthusiasm For Natural Kinds
413	65	Stephen Mumford	Laws In Nature
413	65	Jesse Prinz	Gut Reactions: A Perceptual Theory Of Emotion
413	65	Jennifer Lackey	Norms Of Assertion
413	65	Philip Pettit	On The People’s Terms
413	65	Rebecca Kukla	Performative Force, Convention, And Discursive Injustice
413	65	Duncan Pritchard	Epistemic Angst
413	65	Sally Haslanger	What Is A (Social) Structural Explanation?
424	64	Ruth Garrett Millikan	Biosemantics
424	64	Henry E. Allison	Kant’s Transcendental Idealism
424	64	Thomas J. Kelly	The Epistemic Significance Of Disagreement
424	64	Ronald N. Giere	Scientific Perspectivism
424	64	G. A. Cohen	Rescuing Justice And Equality
424	64	Kevin Zollman	The Epistemic Benefit Of Transient Diversity
424	64	Clayton Littlejohn	Justification And The Truth-Connection
424	64	Niko Kolodny	Rule Over None Ii: Social Equality And The Justification Of Democracy
424	64	John Hawthorne, Daniel Rothschild, and Levi Spectre	Belief Is Weak
433	63	David Lewis	How To Define Theoretical Terms
433	63	Larry Laudan	A Confutation Of Convergent Realism
433	63	Philip Kitcher	Explanatory Unification
433	63	Jerry A. Fodor	Concepts
433	63	Stewart Shapiro	Philosophy Of Mathematics: Structure And Ontology
433	63	David Lewis	Causation As Influence
433	63	J. David Velleman	The Possibility Of Practical Reason
433	63	Jonathan E. Adler	Belief’s Own Ethics
433	63	George Molnar and Stephen Mumford	Powers: A Study In Metaphysics
433	63	Stephen Schiffer	The Things We Mean
433	63	Immanuel Kant	Groundwork Of The Metaphysics Of Morals (1785)
433	63	Katherine Hawley	Trust, Distrust And Commitment
433	63	John Hyman	Action, Knowledge, And Will
433	63	Amia Srinivasan	The Aptness Of Anger
433	63	Kit Fine	A Theory Of Truthmaker Content I: Conjunction, Disjunction And Negation
433	63	Regina Rini	Fake News And Partisan Epistemology
449	62	George S. Pappas	Justification And Knowledge
449	62	Kimberlé W. Crenshaw	Mapping The Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, And Violence Against Women Of Color
449	62	Richard Holton	Deciding To Trust, Coming To Believe
449	62	Tamar Szabó Gendler	The Puzzle Of Imaginative Resistance
449	62	Tyler Burge	Origins Of Objectivity
449	62	Haṡok Chang	Is Water H2o?
449	62	Helen Steward	A Metaphysics For Freedom
449	62	Gualtiero Piccinini	Physical Computation
457	61	Claude E. Shannon	A Mathematical Theory Of Communication
457	61	Alan Turing	Computing Machinery And Intelligence
457	61	P. F. Strawson	On Referring
457	61	Christine M. Korsgaard	Two Distinctions In Goodness
457	61	Saul A. Kripke	Wittgenstein On Rules And Private Language.
457	61	Ronald N. Giere	Explaining Science
457	61	Frank Jackson	From Metaphysics To Ethics: A Defence Of Conceptual Analysis
457	61	Nishi Shah	A New Argument For Evidentialism
457	61	Bas C. van Fraassen	Scientific Representation
457	61	Jennifer Saul	Lying, Misleading, And What Is Said
457	61	Raimo Tuomela	Social Ontology
457	61	Sophie Horowitz	Epistemic Akrasia
457	61	Dan Zahavi	Self And Other
457	61	Annalisa Coliva	Extended Rationality
457	61	David Plunkett	Which Concepts Should We Use?: Metalinguistic Negotiations And The Methodology Of Philosophy
457	61	Gideon Rosen	Real Definition
457	61	Rima Basu	Radical Moral Encroachment: The Moral Stakes Of Racist Beliefs
474	60	Michaël Friedman	Explanation And Scientific Understanding
474	60	Ernest W. Adams	The Logic Of Conditionals
474	60	Marilyn Frye	The Politics Of Reality : Essays In Feminist Theory
474	60	Jerry Fodor	A Theory Of Content And Other Essays
474	60	Tyler Burge	Content Preservation
474	60	Barry Loewer	Humean Supervenience
474	60	Joseph Raz	Practical Reason And Norms
474	60	Christopher Kennedy	Vagueness And Grammar: The Semantics Of Relative And Absolute Gradable Adjectives
474	60	Carl F. Craver and Lindley Darden	In Search Of Mechanisms
474	60	Frank Plumpton Ramsey	Foundations Of Mathematics And Other Logical Essays
474	60	Jane Friedman	Question‐Directed Attitudes
474	60	Elizabeth A. Barnes	The Minority Body
486	59	A. N. Prior	Past, Present And Future
486	59	Paul Benacerraf	Mathematical Truth
486	59	Michael Dummett	Truth And Other Enigmas
486	59	David Lewis	Causal Decision Theory
486	59	Henry E. Allison	Kant’s Theory Of Freedom
486	59	Alfred R. Mele	Springs Of Action
486	59	John R. Searle	The Rediscovery Of The Mind
486	59	Daniel C. Dennett	Consciousness Explained.
486	59	Dorothy Edgington	On Conditionals
486	59	Keith DeRose	Solving The Skeptical Problem
486	59	R. Jay Wallace	Responsibility And The Moral Sentiments
486	59	Noam Chomsky	New Horizons In The Study Of Language And Mind
486	59	Alfred R. Mele	Free Will And Luck
486	59	Anjan Chakravartty	A Metaphysics For Scientific Realism
486	59	Agustín Rayo	The Construction Of Logical Space
486	59	Michael Ridge	Impassioned Belief
486	59	Eric Mandelbaum	Attitude, Inference, Association: On The Propositional Structure Of Implicit Bias
486	59	Kevin Dorst	Lockeans Maximize Expected Accuracy
486	59	Rima Basu	What We Epistemically Owe To Each Other
505	58	Fred Dretske	Laws Of Nature
505	58	Carlos E. Alchourrón, Peter Gärdenfors, and David Makinson	On The Logic Of Theory Change: Partial Meet Contraction And Revision Functions
505	58	Hartry Field	Realism, Mathematics And Modality
505	58	Béatrice Longuenesse	Kant And The Capacity To Judge
505	58	Robert Stalnaker	Context And Content
505	58	David Rosenthal	Consciousness And Mind
505	58	François Récanati	Perspectival Thought
505	58	Herman Cappelen and John Hawthorne	Relativism And Monadic Truth
505	58	Daniel Kahneman	Thinking, Fast And Slow
505	58	Jenna Burrell	How The Machine ‘Thinks’: Understanding Opacity In Machine Learning Algorithms
505	58	Ole Thomassen Hjortland	Anti-Exceptionalism About Logic
505	58	Quassim Cassam	Vice Epistemology
517	57	Elizabeth Kingdom	A Materialist Theory Of The Mind
517	57	Sara Negri, Jan von Plato, and Aarne Ranta	Structural Proof Theory
517	57	María Lugones	Pilgrimages/Peregrinajes: Theorizing Coalition Against Multiple Oppressions
517	57	Shaun Nichols and Stephen P. Stich	Mindreading
517	57	Fred Feldman	Pleasure And The Good Life
517	57	Włodek Rabinowicz and Toni Rønnow‐Rasmussen	The Strike Of The Demon: On Fitting Pro‐Attitudes And Value
517	57	Dan Zahavi	Subjectivity And Selfhood
517	57	Pamela Hieronymi	Controlling Attitudes
517	57	Pamela Hieronymi	Responsibility For Believing
517	57	Peter Godfrey‐Smith	The Strategy Of Model-Based Science
517	57	David J. Chalmers, David Manley, and Ryan Wasserman	Metametaphysics : New Essays On The Foundations Of Ontology
517	57	Stephen G. Simpson	Subsystems Of Second Order Arithmetic
517	57	Linda Zagzebski	Epistemic Authority
517	57	Alexis Burgess and David Plunkett	Conceptual Ethics Ii
517	57	Michael S. Brady	Emotional Insight
517	57	Pablo Cobreros, Paul Égré, Ellie Ripley, and Robert van Rooij	Reaching Transparent Truth
517	57	Shamik Dasgupta	Metaphysical Rationalism
517	57	Nora Berenstain	Epistemic Exploitation
517	57	Ron Mallon	The Construction Of Human Kinds
517	57	Renée Jorgensen Bolinger	The Rational Impermissibility Of Accepting (Some) Racial Generalizations
537	56	David B. Burrell	Science, Perception And Reality
537	56	Kendall L. Walton	Categories Of Art
537	56	Ernest Sosa	Knowledge In Perspective
537	56	Michael Smith	The Moral Problem
537	56	Paul Horwich	Truth
537	56	Peter Goldie	The Emotions: A Philosophical Exploration
537	56	Bernard Williams	Ethics And The Limits Of Philosophy
537	56	James M. Joyce	Accuracy And Coherence: Prospects For An Alethic Epistemology Of Partial Belief
537	56	Dan Sperber, Fabrice Clément, Christophe Heintz, Olivier Mascaro, Hugo Mercier, Gloria Origgi, and Deirdre Wilson	Epistemic Vigilance
537	56	David Enoch, Levi Spectre, and Talia Fisher	Statistical Evidence, Sensitivity, And The Legal Value Of Knowledge
537	56	Ellie Ripley	Paradoxes And Failures Of Cut
537	56	David Bourget and David J. Chalmers	What Do Philosophers Believe?
537	56	Stephan Leuenberger	Grounding And Necessity
537	56	Seth Yalcin	Belief As Question‐Sensitive
537	56	Cynthia Rudin	Stop Explaining Black Box Machine Learning Models For High Stakes Decisions And Use Interpretable Models Instead
552	55	John Rawls	Two Concepts Of Rules
552	55	Christopher Boorse	Health As A Theoretical Concept
552	55	Daniel C. Dennett	The Intentional Stance
552	55	H. P. Grice	Studies In The Way Of Words
552	55	Ziva Kunda	The Case For Motivated Reasoning.
552	55	David Lewis	Parts Of Classes.
552	55	Zenon W. Pylyshyn	Is Vision Continuous With Cognition?: The Case For Cognitive Impenetrability Of Visual Perception
552	55	Edouard Machery	Semantics, Cross-Cultural Style
552	55	Eric Schwitzgebel	The Unreliability Of Naive Introspection
552	55	Evan Thompson	Mind In Life: Biology, Phenomenology, And The Sciences Of Mind
552	55	Alisa Bokulich	How Scientific Models Can Explain
552	55	Karen Bennett	By Our Bootstraps
552	55	Robert W. Batterman and Collin Rice	Minimal Model Explanations
552	55	Volker Halbach	Axiomatic Theories Of Truth
552	55	Ross P. Cameron	The Moving Spotlight
552	55	Hartry Field	Science Without Numbers
552	55	Tim Button and Sean Walsh	Philosophy And Model Theory
552	55	David J. Chalmers	What Is Conceptual Engineering And What Should It Be?
570	54	J. Ellis McTaggert	The Unreality Of Time
570	54	Helena Rasiowa	Introduction To Metamathematics
570	54	Paul Benacerraf	What Numbers Could Not Be
570	54	W. V. Quine	Ontological Relativity And Other Essays
570	54	Frank Jackson	Decision-Theoretic Consequentialism And The Nearest And Dearest Objection
570	54	Brian Keeley	Of Conspiracy Theories
570	54	Martha C. Nussbaum	Women And Human Development
570	54	Robert Brandom	Articulating Reasons
570	54	David Papineau	Thinking About Consciousness
570	54	Ned Hall	Two Concepts Of Causation
570	54	Ronald N. Giere	How Models Are Used To Represent Reality
570	54	Herman Cappelen and Ernest Lepore	Insensitive Semantics
570	54	Amie L. Thomasson	Ordinary Objects
570	54	Kevin Zollman	The Communication Structure Of Epistemic Communities
570	54	Michael Huemer	Compassionate Phenomenal Conservatism
570	54	Mark Schroeder	Being For
570	54	Arthur Ripstein	Force And Freedom
570	54	Duncan Pritchard, Alan Millar, and Adrian Haddock	The Nature And Value Of Knowledge
570	54	Kim Sterelny	Minds: Extended Or Scaffolded?
570	54	Niko Kolodny and John MacFarlane	Ifs And Oughts
570	54	Hugo Mercier and Dan Sperber	Why Do Humans Reason? Arguments For An Argumentative Theory
570	54	Lloyd Humberstone	The Connectives
570	54	Angelika Kratzer	Modals And Conditionalsnew And Revised Perspectives
570	54	Larry S. Temkin	Rethinking The Good
570	54	Georg Brun	Explication As A Method Of Conceptual Re-Engineering
570	54	Michael J. Raven	Ground
570	54	Kareem Khalifa	Understanding, Explanation, And Scientific Knowledge
570	54	Metzinger Thomas and Wiese Wanja	Philosophy And Predictive Processing
598	53	Gottlob Frege	The Thought: A Logical Inquiry
598	53	Michael Tooley	The Nature Of Laws
598	53	Laurence Bonjour	Externalist Theories Of Empirical Knowledge
598	53	Bernard Williams	Internal And External Reasons
598	53	G. A. Cohen	On The Currency Of Egalitarian Justice
598	53	Daniel Nolan	Impossible Worlds: A Modest Approach
598	53	L. W. Sumner	Welfare, Happiness, And Ethics
598	53	Amie L. Thomasson	Fiction And Metaphysics
598	53	Jonathan M. Weinberg, Shaun Nichols, and Stephen Stich	Normativity And Epistemic Intuitions
598	53	James Pryor	What’s Wrong With Moore’s Argument?
598	53	Alva Noë	Action In Perception
598	53	David Benatar	Better Never To Have Been
598	53	Sarah‐Jane Leslie	Generics: Cognition And Acquisition
598	53	Jessica Brown	Subject‐Sensitive Invariantism And The Knowledge Norm For Practical Reasoning
598	53	Phyllis Illari and Jon Williamson	What Is A Mechanism? Thinking About Mechanisms Across The Sciences
598	53	Nick Huggett and Christian Wüthrich	Emergent Spacetime And Empirical (In)Coherence
598	53	Tadeusz Zawidzki	Mindshaping
598	53	Alex Worsnip	The Conflict Of Evidence And Coherence
598	53	David Z. Albert	After Physics
598	53	Dennis Whitcomb, Heather Battaly, Jason Baehr, and Daniel Howard‐Snyder	Intellectual Humility: Owning Our Limitations
598	53	Kit Fine	Angellic Content
598	53	Kristen Intemann	Distinguishing Between Legitimate And Illegitimate Values In Climate Modeling
598	53	Dan Sperber and Hugo Mercier	The Enigma Of Reason
598	53	Brian Weatherson	Normative Externalism
622	52	Alvin I. Goldman	A Causal Theory Of Knowing
622	52	David Lewis	General Semantics
622	52	Richard E. Nisbett and Timothy D. Wilson	Telling More Than We Can Know: Verbal Reports On Mental Processes.
622	52	George Boolos	To Be Is To Be A Value Of A Variable (Or To Be Some Values Of Some Variables)
622	52	Susan Wolf	Freedom Within Reason
622	52	Frank Veltman	Defaults In Update Semantics
622	52	J. Kevin O’Regan and Alva Noë	A Sensorimotor Account Of Vision And Visual Consciousness
622	52	Luc Bovens and Stephan Hartmann	Bayesian Epistemology
622	52	P. Kyle Stanford	Exceeding Our Grasp
622	52	Jeffrey C. King	The Nature And Structure Of Content
622	52	David Christensen	Disagreement As Evidence: The Epistemology Of Controversy
622	52	JC Beall	Spandrels Of Truth
622	52	Anthony Chemero	Radical Embodied Cognitive Science
622	52	G.E. Moore	Philosophical Studies
622	52	Peter Ludlow	Living Words
622	52	Stewart Shapiro	Varieties Of Logic
622	52	Wayne Wu	Attention
622	52	Gwen Bradford	Achievement
622	52	Conor McHugh and Jonathan Way	Fittingness First
622	52	Christopher Howard	Fittingness
642	51	Gavin Ardley	Models And Analogies In Science
642	51	Gary Watson	Free Agency
642	51	Stewart Cohen	Justification And Truth
642	51	Frank Jackson	What Mary Didn’t Know
642	51	C. B. Martin	Dispositions And Conditionals
642	51	David Lewis	Finkish Dispositions
642	51	John Broome	Normative Requirements
642	51	Phil Dowe	Physical Causation
642	51	Eric Schwitzgebel	A Phenomenal, Dispositional Account Of Belief
642	51	John M. Doris	Lack Of Character
642	51	Niko Kolodny	Love As Valuing A Relationship
642	51	Christopher Kennedy and Louise McNally	Scale Structure, Degree Modification, And The Semantics Of Gradable Predicates
642	51	Hanne De Jaegher and Ezequiel A. Di Paolo	Participatory Sense-Making
642	51	Richard M. Feldman	Reasonable Religious Disagreements
642	51	Kathrin Koslicki	The Structure Of Objects
642	51	Ben Bradley	Well-Being And Death
642	51	Richard Holton	Willing, Wanting, Waiting
642	51	Dana Kay Nelkin	Making Sense Of Freedom And Responsibility
642	51	Gualtiero Piccinini and Carl F. Craver	Integrating Psychology And Neuroscience: Functional Analyses As Mechanism Sketches
642	51	David Owens	Shaping The Normative Landscape
642	51	Laura Valentini	Ideal Vs. Non‐Ideal Theory: A Conceptual Map
642	51	Paul Audi	A Clarification And Defense Of The Notion Of Grounding
642	51	Gregor Betz	In Defence Of The Value Free Ideal
642	51	L. A. Paul and Ned Hall	Causation
642	51	Margaret Gilbert	Joint Commitment
642	51	Stephen Finlay	Confusion Of Tongues
642	51	Chaz Firestone and Brian J. Scholl	Cognition Does Not Affect Perception: Evaluating The Evidence For “Top-Down” Effects
642	51	Elliott Sober	Ockham’s Razors
642	51	Jason Brennan	Against Democracy
642	51	Francesco Berto and Mark Jago	Impossible Worlds
672	50	Alfred Tarski	The Semantic Conception Of Truth: And The Foundations Of Semantics
672	50	Ludwig Wittgenstein	Remarks On The Foundations Of Mathematics.
672	50	Karl R. Popper	The Logic Of Scientific Discovery.
672	50	P. T. Geach	Assertion
672	50	Bernard Williams	Deciding To Believe
672	50	Bernard Williams	Problems Of The Self
672	50	David L. Kaplan	Words
672	50	Christopher Hitchcock	The Intransitivity Of Causation Revealed In Equations And Graphs
672	50	Nishi Shah	How Truth Governs Belief
672	50	Elizabeth Anderson	Uses Of Value Judgments In Science: A General Argument, With Lessons From A Case Study Of Feminist Research On Divorce
672	50	Harry G. Frankfurt	On Bullshit
672	50	Martin H. Levinson	Not By Genes Alone: How Culture Transformed Human Evolution
672	50	Michael Bergmann	Justification Without Awareness
672	50	Hans van Ditmarsch, Wiebe van der Hoek, and Barteld Kooi	Dynamic Epistemic Logic
672	50	Kieran Setiya	Reasons Without Rationalism
672	50	David Estlund	Democratic Authority: A Philosophical Framework
672	50	Christian List and Peter Menzies	Nonreductive Physicalism And The Limits Of The Exclusion Principle
672	50	John Skorupski	The Domain Of Reasons
672	50	Kadri Vihvelin	Causes, Laws, And Free Will
672	50	Saul A. Kripke	Reference And Existence
672	50	Giovanna Colombetti and Joel Krueger	Scaffoldings Of The Affective Mind
672	50	Jonas Olson	Moral Error Theory
672	50	Ned Block	Seeing‐As In The Light Of Vision Science
672	50	Daniel Z. Korman	Objects
672	50	Mikkel Gerken	Knowledge-First Approaches In Epistemology And Mind
672	50	Matti Eklund	Choosing Normative Concepts
672	50	Michael Prinzing	The Revisionist’s Rubric: Conceptual Engineering And The Discontinuity Objection
672	50	Ralph Wedgwood	The Value Of Rationality
672	50	Sarah‐Jane Leslie	The Original Sin Of Cognition
672	50	Angela Mendelovici	The Phenomenal Basis Of Intentionality
672	50	Alex King	Being For Beauty: Aesthetic Agency And Value
672	50	Michael Tomasello	Becoming Human
672	50	M Pinder	Conceptual Engineering, Metasemantic Externalism And Speaker-Meaning
705	49	John McDowell	Virtue And Reason
705	49	D. Lewis	Index, Context, And Content
705	49	William P. Alston	The Deontological Conception Of Epistemic Justification
705	49	Ronald Fagin, Joseph Y. Halpern, Yoram Moses, and Moshe Y. Vardi	Reasoning About Knowledge
705	49	Immanuel Kant	Religion And Rational Theology
705	49	Alexander Chagrov	Modal Logic
705	49	Derek Parfit	Equality And Priority
705	49	Michael E. Bratman	Faces Of Intention
705	49	Leonard J. Savage	Foundations Of Statistics
705	49	Andreas Matthias	The Responsibility Gap: Ascribing Responsibility For The Actions Of Learning Automata
705	49	Danièle Moyal‐Sharrock	Understanding Wittgenstein’s On Certainty
705	49	Mohan Matthen	Seeing, Doing, And Knowing
705	49	Mark Wilson	Wandering Significance
705	49	Alexander Bird	Social Knowing: The Social Sense Of ‘Scientific Knowledge’
705	49	Martin Smith	What Else Justification Could Be¹
705	49	Susan M. Wolf	Meaning In Life And Why It Matters
705	49	Joseph Raz	From Normativity To Responsibility
705	49	Philip Kitcher	Science In A Democratic Society
705	49	Alexis Burgess	Naturalism Without Mirrors
705	49	James Woodward	Interventionism And Causal Exclusion
705	49	Michael Tomasello	A Natural History Of Human Morality
705	49	Vann McGee	A Counterexample To Modus Ponens
705	49	Justin Garson	What Biological Functions Are And Why They Matter
705	49	Wendy S. Parker	Model Evaluation: An Adequacy-For-Purpose View
705	49	Matthieu Queloz	The Practical Origins Of Ideas
730	48	Alan Turing	On Computable Numbers, With An Application To The Entscheidungsproblem
730	48	Henry E. Kyburg	The Logical Foundations Of Probability
730	48	Gareth Evans	The Causal Theory Of Names
730	48	Hilary Putnam	Meaning And Reference
730	48	Robert Stalnaker	Assertion
730	48	Peter Railton	Moral Realism
730	48	Thomas Nagel	The View From Nowhere
730	48	David Lewis	Relevant Implication
730	48	John Worrall	Structural Realism: The Best Of Both Worlds?
730	48	Carl Ginet	On Action
730	48	D. M. Armstrong	Universals: An Opinionated Introduction
730	48	John Hardwig	The Role Of Trust In Knowledge
730	48	Jaegwon Kim	Supervenience And Mind
730	48	Ruth Garrett Millikan	Pushmi-Pullyu Representations
730	48	Ruth Chang	Incommensurability, Incomparability, And Practical Reason
730	48	Kit Fine	The Question Of Realism
730	48	Tyler Burge	Perceptual Entitlement
730	48	Graham Oddie	Value, Reality, And Desire
730	48	Peter Lasersohn	Context Dependence, Disagreement, And Predicates Of Personal Taste*
730	48	Duncan Pritchard	Anti-Luck Epistemology
730	48	E. J. Lowe	The Four-Category Ontology: A Metaphysical Foundation For Natural Science
730	48	Stephen R. Grimm	Is Understanding A Species Of Knowledge?
730	48	Joseph Henrich, Steven J. Heine, and Ara Norenzayan	The Weirdest People In The World?
730	48	Elizabeth Anderson	Democracy, Public Policy, And Lay Assessments Of Scientific Testimony
730	48	Fiona Macpherson	Cognitive Penetration Of Colour Experience: Rethinking The Issue In Light Of An Indirect Mechanism
730	48	Felipe De Brigard	Is Memory For Remembering? Recollection As A Form Of Episodic Hypothetical Thinking
730	48	Selim Berker	Epistemic Teleology And The Separateness Of Propositions
730	48	Thaddeus Metz	Meaning In Life
730	48	Havi Carel and Ian James Kidd	Epistemic Injustice In Healthcare: A Philosophial Analysis
730	48	Jakob Hohwy	The Self‐Evidencing Brain
730	48	Fabrice Correia and Alexander Skiles	Grounding, Essence, And Identity
730	48	Jonathan Schaffer	Laws For Metaphysical Explanation
730	48	Kit Fine	Truthmaker Semantics
730	48	Andreas Stokke	Lying And Insincerity
730	48	Ásta	Categories We Live By
765	47	Gerhard Gentzen	Untersuchungen Über Das Logische Schließen. I
765	47	Daniel Ellsberg	Risk, Ambiguity, And The Savage Axioms
765	47	David Lewis	A Subjectivist’s Guide To Objective Chance
765	47	Audre Lorde	Sister Outsider: Essays And Speeches
765	47	Judith Jarvis Thomson	The Trolley Problem
765	47	Richard Fumerton	Metaepistemology And Skepticism
765	47	Irene Heim	Presupposition Projection And The Semantics Of Attitude Verbs
765	47	Alexander S. Kechris	Classical Descriptive Set Theory
765	47	Jennifer Hornsby and Rae Langton	Free Speech And Illocution
765	47	Scott Soames	Beyond Rigidity
765	47	Max Kölbel	Faultless Disagreement
765	47	Alan R. H. Baker	Are There Genuine Mathematical Explanations Of Physical Phenomena?
765	47	Graham Priest	Doubt Truth To Be A Liar
765	47	Roger Crisp	Reasons And The Good
765	47	Susanna Siegel	Which Properties Are Represented In Perception?
765	47	Alexander Bird	Nature’s Metaphysics : Laws And Properties
765	47	Michael Detlefsen and Andrew Arana	Purity Of Methods
765	47	Torsten Wilholt	Epistemic Trust In Science
765	47	Kelly Trogdon	Grounding: Necessary Or Contingent?
765	47	Amie L. Thomasson	Ontology Made Easy
765	47	Kevin C. Elliott and Daniel J. McKaughan	Nonepistemic Values And The Multiple Goals Of Science
765	47	Stephen Yablo	Aboutness
765	47	Peter Hanks	Propositional Content
765	47	Bradford Skow	Reasons Why
765	47	Emmalon Davis	Typecasts, Tokens, And Spokespersons: A Case For Credibility Excess As Testimonial Injustice
765	47	Jessica Brown	Fallibilism: Evidence And Knowledge
765	47	Herman Cappelen and David Plunkett	Introduction
765	47	Ernest Sosa	Epistemic Explanations
765	47	Ned Block	The Border Between Seeing And Thinking
794	46	Rudolph Carnap	The Logical Syntax Of Language.
794	46	Richard C Lewontin	The Units Of Selection
794	46	Nuel Belnap	A Useful Four-Valued Logic
794	46	Margaret Gilbert	Walking Together
794	46	C. A. J. Coady	Testimony: A Philosophical Study
794	46	Nathan Salmón	Nonexistence
794	46	Kit Fine	Things And Their Parts
794	46	Charles Travis	The Silence Of The Senses
794	46	John Collins, Ned Hall, and L. A. Paul	Causation And Counterfactuals
794	46	Charles W. Mills	“Ideal Theory” As Ideology
794	46	Timothy Williamson	Contextualism, Subject-Sensitive Invariantism And Knowledge Of Knowledge
794	46	Sydney Shoemaker	Physical Realization
794	46	Jonathan Cohen and Craig Callender	A Better Best System Account Of Lawhood
794	46	Roman Frigg	Models And Fiction
794	46	Eric Winsberg	Science In The Age Of Computer Simulation
794	46	François Récanati	Truth-Conditional Pragmatics
794	46	Thomas Kelly	Peer Disagreement And Higher‐Order Evidence
794	46	Thomas L. Carson	Lying And Deception
794	46	Jesse Prinz	The Conscious Brain
794	46	John F. Horty	Reasons As Defaults
794	46	Bob Hale	Necessary Beings
794	46	Muhammad Ali Khalidi	Natural Categories And Human Kinds
794	46	Jason Stanley	How Propaganda Works
794	46	Joseph Henrich	The Secret Of Our Success
794	46	Susanna Rinard	No Exception For Belief
794	46	Torin Alter and Yujin Nagasawa	Consciousness In The Physical World : Perspectives On Russellian Monism
794	46	Kit Fine	A Theory Of Truthmaker Content Ii: Subject-Matter, Common Content, Remainder And Ground
794	46	Max Deutsch	Speaker’s Reference, Stipulation, And A Dilemma For Conceptual Engineers
794	46	Sally Haslanger	Going On, Not In The Same Way
823	45	A. J. Ayer	Language, Truth, And Logic.
823	45	Bertrand Russell	The Principles Of Mathematics.
823	45	Keith S. Donnellan	Reference And Definite Descriptions
823	45	A. N. Prior	Objects Of Thought
823	45	Robert Stalnaker	Indicative Conditionals
823	45	Nelson Goodman	Languages Of Art
823	45	Saul A. Kripke	Speaker’s Reference And Semantic Reference
823	45	David Lewis	A Subjectivist’s Guide To Objective Chance
823	45	Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman	The Framing Of Decisions And The Psychology Of Choice
823	45	C. van Fraassen	Belief And The Will
823	45	Laurence Horn	A Natural History Of Negation
823	45	Elizabeth Anderson	Value In Ethics And Economics
823	45	G E Hughes and M. J. Cresswell	A New Introduction To Modal Logic
823	45	Charles Siewert	The Significance Of Consciousness
823	45	A. S. Troelstra and H. Schwichtenberg	Basic Proof Theory
823	45	Ruth Garrett Millikan	On Clear And Confused Ideas
823	45	Stuart Glennan	Rethinking Mechanistic Explanation
823	45	Ann E. Cudd	Analyzing Oppression
823	45	Catherine Z. Elgin	Understanding And The Facts
823	45	Sabine A. Döring	Seeing What To Do: Affective Perception And Rational Motivation
823	45	Scott Sturgeon	Reason And The Grain Of Belief
823	45	Michael Pace	The Epistemic Value Of Moral Considerations: Justification, Moral Encroachment, And James’ ‘Will To Believe’
823	45	William Bechtel and Robert C. Richardson	Discovering Complexity
823	45	Benjamin Schnieder	A Logic For ‘Because’
823	45	David M. Kaplan and Carl F. Craver	The Explanatory Force Of Dynamical And Mathematical Models In Neuroscience: A Mechanistic Perspective
823	45	Diane H. Tracey and John W. Young	Justice And The Politics Of Difference
823	45	Mark Schroeder	Stakes, Withholding, And Pragmatic Encroachment On Knowledge
823	45	Rebecca Mason	Two Kinds Of Unknowing
823	45	Ellie Ripley	Conservatively Extending Classical Logic With Transparent Truth
823	45	Duncan Pritchard	Epistemological Disjunctivism
823	45	Marc Lange	What Makes A Scientific Explanation Distinctively Mathematical?
823	45	Elijah Chudnoff	Intuition
823	45	Jessica Wilson	A Determinable-Based Account Of Metaphysical Indeterminacy
823	45	Alexander A. Aarts et al	Estimating The Reproducibility Of Psychological Science
823	45	Bradford Skow	Objective Becoming
823	45	Lucy Allais	Manifest Reality
823	45	Carolina Sartorio	Causation And Free Will
823	45	Marc Lange	Because Without Cause
823	45	Anna Alexandrova	A Philosophy For The Science Of Well-Being
823	45	Mary Kate McGowan	Just Words
823	45	C. Thi Nguyen	Games
823	45	Theodore Sider	The Tools Of Metaphysics And The Metaphysics Of Science
823	45	Jennifer Nado	Conceptual Engineering, Truth, And Efficacy
823	45	Neil Levy	Bad Beliefs
867	44	John C. Harsanyi	Cardinal Welfare, Individualistic Ethics, And Interpersonal Comparisons Of Utility
867	44	P. T. Geach	Good And Evil
867	44	Karl R. Popper	Conjectures And Refutations: The Growth Of Scientific Knowledge.
867	44	C. B. Martin and Max Deutscher	Remembering
867	44	David Lewis	Psychophysical And Theoretical Identifications
867	44	David Lewis	Radical Interpretation
867	44	J. Michael Dunn	Intuitive Semantics For First-Degree Entailments And ?Coupled Trees?
867	44	Brian F. Chellas	Modal Logic
867	44	R. M. Hare	Moral Thinking
867	44	Robert Brandom	Asserting
867	44	John R. Searle and Daniel Vanderveken	Foundations Of Illocutionary Logic
867	44	John Earman	Bayes Or Bust?: A Critical Examination Of Bayesian Confirmation Theory
867	44	Walter Sinott-Armstrong, Diana Raffman, and Nicholas Asher	Modality, Morality, And Belief: Essays In Honor Of Ruth Barcan Marcus
867	44	Ian Hacking	The Social Construction Of What?
867	44	Stephen C. Levinson	Presumptive Meanings
867	44	Julia Driver	Uneasy Virtue
867	44	Ralph Wedgwood	The Aim Of Belief
867	44	Robert W. Batterman	The Devil In The Details : Asymptotic Reasoning In Explanation, Reduction, And Emergence
867	44	Mauricio Suárez	An Inferential Conception Of Scientific Representation
867	44	Paul Humphreys	Extending Ourselves
867	44	Mark Richard	When Truth Gives Out
867	44	James M. Joyce	A Defense Of Imprecise Credences In Inference And Decision Making1
867	44	Nomy Arpaly and Timothy Schroeder	In Praise Of Desire
867	44	Dana Kay Nelkin	Difficulty And Degrees Of Moral Praiseworthiness And Blameworthiness
867	44	Margaret Morrison	Reconstructing Reality
867	44	Max Deutsch	The Myth Of The Intuitive
867	44	Amie L. Thomasson	Metaphysical Disputes And Metalinguistic Negotiation
867	44	Craig Callender	What Makes Time Special?
867	44	Kathleen Stock	Only Imagine
867	44	Emily Sullivan	Understanding From Machine Learning Models
897	43	Peter Singer	Famine, Affluence, And Morality
897	43	John Perry	Frege On Demonstratives
897	43	Frank Jackson	Perception: A Representative Theory.
897	43	Bernard Williams	Moral Luck
897	43	Susan M. Wolf	Moral Saints
897	43	Ernán McMullin	Galilean Idealization
897	43	Donald Davidson	Knowing One’s Own Mind
897	43	Laurence Bonjour	The Structure Of Empirical Knowledge.
897	43	Richard Foley	The Theory Of Epistemic Rationality
897	43	Chris Swoyer	Structural Representation And Surrogative Reasoning
897	43	Helen E. Longino	Cognitive And Non-Cognitive Values In Science: Rethinking The Dichotomy
897	43	Immanuel Kant	Kant: The Metaphysics Of Morals
897	43	Stuart S. Glennan	Mechanisms And The Nature Of Causation
897	43	Immanuel Kant	Lectures On Ethics
897	43	James Ladyman	What Is Structural Realism?
897	43	Roger Crisp	Equality, Priority, And Compassion
897	43	Timothy Williamson	Everything
897	43	Simon Keller	Friendship And Belief
897	43	Matthew Weiner	Must We Know What We Say?
897	43	Samir Okasha	Evolution And The Levels Of Selection
897	43	Wesley C. Salmon	Four Decades Of Scientific Explanation
897	43	Federica Russo and Jon Williamson	Interpreting Causality In The Health Sciences
897	43	Lisa Bortolotti	Delusions And Other Irrational Beliefs
897	43	Marc Lange	Laws And Lawmakers Science, Metaphysics, And The Laws Of Nature
897	43	Hannes Leitgeb and Richard Pettigrew	An Objective Justification Of Bayesianism I: Measuring Inaccuracy
897	43	John Turri	On The Relationship Between Propositional And Doxastic Justification
897	43	Sanford C. Goldberg	Relying On Others
897	43	Carrie Jenkins	Is Metaphysical Dependence Irreflexive?
897	43	Elizabeth A. Barnes and J. Robert G. Williams	A Theory Of Metaphysical Indeterminacy
897	43	Angelika Kratzer	Modals And Conditionals
897	43	Elisabeth Camp	Slurring Perspectives
897	43	Jonathan St. B. T. Evans and Keith E. Stanovich	Dual-Process Theories Of Higher Cognition
897	43	Øystein Linnebo	The Potential Hierarchy Of Sets
897	43	Kathrin Koslicki	The Coarse-Grainedness Of Grounding
897	43	Kenny Easwaran	Dr. Truthlove Or: How I Learned To Stop Worrying And Love Bayesian Probabilities*
897	43	Sally Haslanger	Social Structure, Narrative And Explanation
897	43	Martin Glazier	Essentialist Explanation
897	43	Barry Maguire	There Are No Reasons For Affective Attitudes
897	43	Anna Jobin, Marcello Ienca, and Effy Vayena	The Global Landscape Of Ai Ethics Guidelines
897	43	Ezekiel Emanuel, Govind Persad, Ross Upshur, Beatriz Thomé, Michael Parker, Aaron Glickman, Cathy Zhang, Connor Boyle, Maxwell J. Smith, and James P. Phillips	Fair Allocation Of Scarce Medical Resources In The Time Of Covid-19
897	43	Kathleen Creel	Transparency In Complex Computational Systems
938	42	W. V. Quine	Quantifiers And Propositional Attitudes
938	42	A. N. Prior	Thank Goodness That’s Over
938	42	P. F. Strawson	Intention And Convention In Speech Acts
938	42	Hilary Putnam	Mind, Language And Reality
938	42	Jerry A. Fodor	The Language Of Thought
938	42	Imre Lakatos	Proofs And Refutations
938	42	Humberto R. Maturana and Francisco J. Varela	Autopoiesis And Cognition
938	42	James Griesemer, Robert Boyd, and Peter J. Richerson	Culture And The Evolutionary Process
938	42	Jeremy Butterfield and Ernest Lepore	Truth And Interpretation: Perspectives On The Philosophy Of Donald Davidson.
938	42	Michael Smith, David Lewis, and Mark Johnston	Dispositional Theories Of Value
938	42	Richard J. Arneson	Equality And Equal Opportunity For Welfare
938	42	Bernard Williams	Shame And Necessity
938	42	L. J. Cohen	An Essay On Belief And Acceptance
938	42	Barbara Herman	The Practice Of Moral Judgment.
938	42	Ian Rumfitt	‘Yes And No’
938	42	Jason Stanley and Zoltán Szabó	On Quantifier Domain Restriction
938	42	Michael Tomasello	The Cultural Origins Of Human Cognition
938	42	Henry E. Allison	Kant’s Theory Of Taste
938	42	Joseph Levine	Purple Haze
938	42	Jesse Prinz	Furnishing The Mind
938	42	Nomy Arpaly	Unprincipled Virtue
938	42	Alan Hájek	What Conditional Probability Could Not Be
938	42	Samuel Scheffler	What Is Egalitrianism?
938	42	David Pitt	The Phenomenology Of Cognition Or What Is It Like To Think That P?
938	42	Pamela Hieronymi	The Force And Fairness Of Blame
938	42	Brian Weatherson	Can We Do Without Pragmatic Encroachment?
938	42	Michael Tomasello, Malinda Carpenter, Josep Call, Tanya Behne, and Henrike Moll	Understanding And Sharing Intentions: The Origins Of Cultural Cognition
938	42	Eric T. Olson	What Are We?
938	42	Don Fallis	What Is Lying?
938	42	Ernest Sosa	Reflective Knowledge
938	42	Timothy Sundell	Disagreements About Taste
938	42	Eric Schwitzgebel and Fiery Cushman	Expertise In Moral Reasoning? Order Effects On Moral Judgment In Professional Philosophers And Non‐Philosophers
938	42	Declan Smithies	Ideal Rationality And Logical Omniscience
938	42	Kit Fine	Unified Foundations For Essence And Ground
938	42	Nicholas F. Stang	Kant’s Modal Metaphysics
938	42	Sabina Leonelli	Data-Centric Biology
938	42	Timothy Williamson	Knowing By Imagining
938	42	Bart Streumer	Unbelievable Errors
938	42	Jon Erling Litland	Grounding Ground
938	42	Ruth Garrett Millikan	Beyond Concepts
938	42	Adrian Currie	Rock, Bone, And Ruin
938	42	Christine M. Korsgaard	Fellow Creatures
938	42	Eric Winsberg	Philosophy And Climate Science
938	42	Fiona Macpherson	Perceptual Imagination And Perceptual Memory
938	42	C. Thi Nguyen	Autonomy And Aesthetic Engagement
938	42	Jared Warren	Shadows Of Syntax
938	42	Timothy Williamson	Suppose And Tell
985	41	Carl G. Hempel	Philosophy Of Natural Science
985	41	I. J. Good	On The Principle Of Total Evidence
985	41	David M. Kaplan	Quantifying In
985	41	W. V. Quine	On What There Is
985	41	Donald Davidson	Radical Interpretation
985	41	Joseph Levine	Materialism And Qualia: The Explanatory Gap
985	41	Peter van Inwagen	An Essay On Free Will
985	41	Judith Jarvis Thomson	Liability And Individualized Evidence
985	41	W. V. Quine	Philosophy Of Logic
985	41	Margaret Gilbert	Modelling Collective Belief
985	41	James A. Montmarquet	Epistemic Virtue And Doxastic Responsibility
985	41	Robert Kane	The Significance Of Free Will
985	41	Mary S. Morgan and Margaret Morrison	Models As Mediators
985	41	R. N. Boyd	Homeostasis, Species, And Higher Taxa
985	41	Fred Adams and Kenneth Aizawa	The Bounds Of Cognition
985	41	Pamela Hieronymi	Articulating An Uncompromising Forgiveness
985	41	Michael Strevens	The Role Of The Priority Rule In Science
985	41	Wolfgang Künne	Conceptions Of Truth
985	41	James Dreier	Meta‐Ethics And The Problem Of Creeping Minimalism
985	41	Ezequiel A. Di Paolo	Autopoiesis, Adaptivity, Teleology, Agency
985	41	Harvey R. Brown	Physical Relativity
985	41	Linda Martín Alcoff	Visible Identities
985	41	Jonathan Sutton	Without Justification
985	41	Mitchell S. Green	Self-Expression
985	41	Ned Block	Consciousness, Accessibility, And The Mesh Between Psychology And Neuroscience
985	41	Kieran Setiya	Practical Knowledge
985	41	Michael J. Zimmerman	Living With Uncertainty
985	41	Raymond Geuss	Philosophy And Real Politics
985	41	Duncan Pritchard	Knowledge, Understanding And Epistemic Value
985	41	Duncan Pritchard	Safety-Based Epistemology
985	41	Hannes Leitgeb and Richard Pettigrew	An Objective Justification Of Bayesianism Ii: The Consequences Of Minimizing Inaccuracy
985	41	David Shoemaker	Attributability, Answerability, And Accountability: Toward A Wider Theory Of Moral Responsibility
985	41	Geoffrey Brennan, Lina Eriksson, Robert E. Goodin, and Nicholas Southwood	Explaining Norms
985	41	Joëlle Proust	The Philosophy Of Metacognition
985	41	John Gibbons	The Norm Of Belief
985	41	Marco Fenici	Radicalizing Enactivism: Basic Minds Without Content
985	41	Terence Cuneo and Russ Shafer‐Landau	The Moral Fixed Points: New Directions For Moral Nonnaturalism
985	41	Timothy Williamson	Very Improbable Knowing
985	41	John Bengson	The Intellectual Given
985	41	Selim Berker	The Unity Of Grounding
985	41	Jeremy Goodman and Bernhard Salow	Taking A Chance On Kk
985	41	T. M. Scanlon	Why Does Inequality Matter?
985	41	Jessica Brown	What Is Epistemic Blame?
985	41	Kasper Lippert‐Rasmussen	Relational Egalitarianism
985	41	Maria Lasonen‐Aarnio	Enkrasia Or Evidentialism? Learning To Love Mismatch
985	41	Mark Schroeder	When Beliefs Wrong
985	41	Vincent Lam and Christian Wüthrich	Spacetime Is As Spacetime Does
985	41	Bob Beddor and Carlotta Pavese	Modal Virtue Epistemology
985	41	Mark Schroeder	Reasons First
1034	40	Hans Reichenbach	The Direction Of Time
1034	40	J. L. Austin	A Plea For Excuses
1034	40	David Lewis	Counterpart Theory And Quantified Modal Logic
1034	40	George J. Nozicka, G. Matthew Bonham, and Michael J. Shapiro	The Foreign Policy Decision-Maker Simulation
1034	40	Imre Lakatos	The Methodology Of Scientific Research Programmes
1034	40	Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman	Extensional Versus Intuitive Reasoning: The Conjunction Fallacy In Probability Judgment.
1034	40	Saul Kripke	Wittgenstein On Rules And Private Language
1034	40	Robert Nozick	Philosophical Explanations
1034	40	Gilbert Harman	Change In View
1034	40	Joseph Raz	The Morality Of Freedom
1034	40	Donna Haraway	Situated Knowledges: The Science Question In Feminism And The Privilege Of Partial Perspective
1034	40	Nancy Cartwright	Nature’s Capacities And Their Measurement
1034	40	J. David Velleman	Well‐Being And Time
1034	40	Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman	Advances In Prospect Theory: Cumulative Representation Of Uncertainty
1034	40	Jerome C. Wakefield	The Concept Of Mental Disorder: On The Boundary Between Biological Facts And Social Values.
1034	40	Prasanta K. Pattanaik and John Broome	Weighing Goods: Equality, Uncertainty And Time.
1034	40	Peter Godfrey‐Smith	A Modern History Theory Of Functions
1034	40	Brian Skyrms	Evolution Of The Social Contract
1034	40	Ronald Dworkin	Objectivity And Truth: You’d Better Believe It
1034	40	F. J. Odling‐Smee, Kevin N. Laland, and Marcus W. Feldman	Niche Construction: The Neglected Process In Evolution
1034	40	Joshua Knobe	Intentional Action And Side Effects In Ordinary Language
1034	40	Dorit Bar‐On	Speaking My Mind
1034	40	Mark Johnston	The Obscure Object Of Hallucination
1034	40	Bernard Williams	In The Beginning Was The Deed: Realism And Moralism In Political Argument
1034	40	Martha C. Nussbaum	Frontiers Of Justice: Disability, Nationality, Species Membership
1034	40	Sally Haslanger	What Good Are Our Intuitions?
1034	40	Matthew Ratcliffe	Feelings Of Being
1034	40	Paul Humphreys	The Philosophical Novelty Of Computer Simulation Methods
1034	40	Robert Brandom	Between Saying And Doing
1034	40	Thomas Christiano	The Constitution Of Equality
1034	40	Jeff McMahan	Killing In War
1034	40	Daniel M. Hausman	Preference, Value, Choice, And Welfare
1034	40	Peter Carruthers	The Opacity Of Mind
1034	40	Robert Pasnau	Metaphysical Themes 1274–1671
1034	40	David Christensen and Jennifer Lackey	The Epistemology Of Disagreement
1034	40	Huw Price, Simon Blackburn, Robert Brandom, Paul Horwich, and Michael Williams	Expressivism, Pragmatism And Representationalism
1034	40	Michael Strevens	No Understanding Without Explanation
1034	40	Daniel Viehoff	Democratic Equality And Political Authority
1034	40	Kate Abramson	Turning Up The Lights On Gaslighting
1034	40	Daniel Greco	How I Learned To Stop Worrying And Love Probability 1
1034	40	Paulina Sliwa	Moral Worth And Moral Knowledge
1034	40	Shamik Dasgupta	Symmetry As An Epistemic Notion (Twice Over)
1034	40	Ezequiel A. Di Paolo, Thomas Bührmann, and Xabier E. Barandiaran	Sensorimotor Life
1034	40	Stephen John	Epistemic Trust And The Ethics Of Science Communication: Against Transparency, Openness, Sincerity And Honesty
1034	40	Cailin O’Connor and James Owen Weatherall	The Misinformation Age
1034	40	Ivano Ciardelli, Jeroen Groenendijk, and Floris Roelofsen	Inquisitive Semantics
1034	40	Mark Povich and Carl F. Craver	Because Without Cause: Non-Causal Explanations In Science And Mathematics
1034	40	Sanford C. Goldberg	To The Best Of Our Knowledge
1034	40	Steffen Koch	The Externalist Challenge To Conceptual Engineering
1034	40	Mona Simion and Christoph Kelp	Conceptual Innovation, Function First
1034	40	Neil Williams	The Powers Metaphysic
1034	40	Amie L. Thomasson	Norms And Necessity
1034	40	Matthew McGrath	Being Neutral: Agnosticism, Inquiry And The Suspension Of Judgment
1034	40	Bertrand Russell	Introduction To Mathematical Philosophy

1 Methods

If you click through any of these links, you’ll likely see very different citation numbers to what I’ve posted. So I want to first talk through how I calculated them.

First, I’m not looking at all citations, only citations in philosophy journals. This is for three reasons.

I wanted to get a sense of what’s being talked about in philosophy. The boundaries of philosophy are vague and hard to pin down, but we can make a more principled start by looking at journals than going book by book.
OpenAlex citations of books seem to be systematically too high because they count each chapter as an entry. If you look at the recent citations for Normative Externalism, you’ll see that OpenAlex counts it as having been cited many times in Stephen White’s recent collection of papers. I think what’s happened is that it takes the bibliography of the book to be the bibliography of each paper, so everything cited in the book gets credited with citations in each chapter. So these numbers are a bit high. Sticking to journals fixes this.

On the other hand, the citations are sometimes too low. This is easiest to see for Knowledge and Its Limits, where OpenAlex has separate entries for the hardback and paperback version. This makes some sense; they have different publication years. But it’s not really what we want. In all these cases, I’ve merged the data.

I also mostly removed collections of previously published papers, especially handbooks. That said, I left in some prominent ones, including I guess Knowledge and Its Limits, which I thought were too important to the story to leave out.

Another bug in the system is that OpenAlex often confuses citations to books with citations to reviews of that book. So most citations to Nozick’s Philosophical Explanations are credited to Alvin Goldman’s review of the book. (Which is in turn listed as co-authored with Nozick.) This affects about 2-3% of all citations. That’s annoying when looking at 1,000 or so entries, but manageable. It’s not really manageable when looking at 100,000 or so entries, so I’m not sure what I’ll do about this in the future. This mostly affects older books, like Nozick’s, but it also affects some newer books that have trade publications. So I don’t think they are properly tracking citations to Amia Srinivasan’s The Right to Sex, and possibly some other books published outside the usual academic channels. I’ll come back to this.

One last data cleaning note. OpenAlex dates publications by when they go online, not by the listed cover date. In order to maintain some degree of consistency with older data sets, I prefer to use cover dates. So if an article goes up on Early View in December 2021, then appears in the January 2022 issue of the journal, I’m counting it as a 2022 article, not a 2021 article. This took some work to sort out, but I think I’ve got it all sorted now.⁴

⁴ It would have been easier if there was a cleaner mapping from journal volumes to journal years, but some journals insist on having one volume per academic year.

2 Topics

My next goal with this data set is to create networks of which pieces are co-cited, and use that to get a sense of which topics are being talked about a lot in the 2020s. Just eyeballing the top of the list, we can make a few guesses about how that will turn out.

It’s a boom time for epistemology. I don’t think a study like this in past years would have seen two epistemology works in the top two spots, and there are plenty more epistemology works throughout the list.

It’s also a stronger time than I realised for metaphysics. I had a sense that metaphysics was not as central as it had been in previous decades, because there is much less uptake of contemporary metaphysics in other parts of philosophy. You don’t see that much talk of grounding, or structure, or fundamentality, in recent work in epistemology, ethics, mind, etc. But apparently it doesn’t matter. Work on dependence broadly construed, and on social ontology, is flourishing.

I really did not expect A World of States of Affairs to be the most cited work from the 1990s on this list. I was so surprised that I went and checked a bunch of the references OpenAlex found, in case it was running together some different works, but they all checked out. That might have been the biggest surprise to me of the list. I know that what I see is bound to be an unrepresentative sample of philosophy, but I didn’t expect stuff that crosses my desk to undersample Australian metaphysics.

But perhaps the biggest story here is the health of philosophy of science. Throughout the top of the list there are so many works, and importantly works on several different parts of philosophy of science, showing up. This is something I need to really look into more to see more details, but it looks like philosophy of science is particularly healthy at the moment.

On the other hand, it’s striking how little there is at the top of this list in language, mind, or ethics. Herman Cappelen’s book on conceptual engineering is there, as is Ruth Millikan’s most important book. But here I’d really like to see the co-citation data to see what’s going on. I think Millikan is there because it’s such an important work on functions, and that’s been such a big topic, so this is really one more aspect of the strength of philosophy of science.

What’s striking is that (assuming we count political philosophy as being separate to ethics) how far down the list you have to go to see works on traditional questions in language, mind, or ethics. Scroll down a bit from the top and you’ll get to Assessment Sensitivity, The Predictive Mind and (a bit earlier) The Sources of Normativity. But I suspect a similar exercise 20 years ago, or 40 years ago, would have seen much more language, mind, and ethics appearing.

Now it’s important to note that there are several reasons that a topic might not be represented at the top of this list, and they have different implications for the health of the topic.

First reason. There aren’t any pieces on philosophy of sport on this list. And that’s because there isn’t much philosophy of sport in the journals full stop. So in principle, it could be that we aren’t seeing pieces in a topic at the top of a list like this because it isn’t represented.

Second reason. Citations to some kinds of metaphysics works were at the top of lists in the mid-to-late 20th century not just because lots of people were doing metaphysics, but because you had to engage with cutting edge metaphysics (especially on the distinctions Kripke drew in Naming and Necessity) to do work in all sorts of fields. If the leading works in some fields are getting traction outside the field, while in others all the citations are intra-field, the former will rise to the top of lists like this. This is part of why, for instance Epistemic Injustice is so widely cited. It certainly isn’t just epistemologists (or at least epistemologists as we understood that category pre-2007) who are citing it.

Third reason. It could be that a field is flourishing, but there is no consensus on what the big questions are, or what paradigms everyone should follow. This could be a good thing. Epistemology is healthier now than it was when analysis of knowledge debates were so central, as they were in say the 1960s and 1970s. I kind of think this is why there aren’t so many philosophy of mind pieces at the top of the list. It could be that there is lots of influential work being done, but it is being done on many questions, and within many different paradigms.

Fourth reason. The entries at the top of this list are not recent. (I’ll return to this in the next section.) A field where everyone thought that work from more than a decade ago is out of date will not see the kind of classic pieces that rise to the top of lists like this become so canonical. Indeed, that kind of rapid advance is inimical to the very idea of canon formation. Again, it’s possible that some fields, including the more empirical parts of philosophy of mind, are seeing this.

The first and second reasons are bad signs for the health of a field. (But of course only signs. Citations are very noisy signal of anything except how often a piece of cited.) The third and fourth are, all things considered, good signs.

The same goes in reverse. Is it a good or bad sign for the state of political philosophy that A Theory of Justice is near the top of this list? On the one hand, it’s better than if there was no political philosophy anywhere, like there is no philosophy of sport. On the other hand, I’d feel happier if more recent work (especially the interesting work that’s appearing on immigration) was there alongside it.

3 Demographics

If you look at citation data from the 20th century, it’s very white and very male. I had been expecting, or at least hoping, that looking at citations from the 2020s would be a little less like that. A quick glance at the top of Table 1 will show you that those hopes were not realised. At the top, it’s still about 80% male, and incredibly white.

If you really want to squint to look for good news, things look a little more interesting if you focus on people in that list with relatively recent degrees. I did a quick count of how many citations to articles on that list each author has. I’m not including it here because I haven’t cleaned it up (e.g., making sure everyone who is listed under different names for different pieces, like “Lasonen Aarnio” and “Lasonen-Aarnio” is grouped together), and it is a bit misleading since it doesn’t count pieces with under 40 citations. So what follows will all be very rough. That said…

In the 50 most cited authors, I think the only ones with PhDs from 2010 or later are Jane Friedman and David Plunkett. In the 100 most cited authors, I think the only one with a PhD from 2015 or later is Rima Basu.

More generally, the later you do this cutoff, the less male, and less white, the citations get. I’d prefer to use date of first degree than date of PhD for this kind of study, but this turned out to be harder to find than I thought. (And you do have to look. I spent way too much time trying to figure out who had a first degree before 2000.)

So the glass half-full take is that a good chunk of the demographic problems here are pipeline problems, and if current trends continue, citations to recent work will get more demographically diverse. They will also, I suspect, get a little more geographically diverse. So that’s all good news.

The glass half-empty take is that it’s a pretty clogged up pipeline. Only two of the 50 most cited authors⁵ of the last five years have PhDs since 2010, and they were in 2010 and 2011. That isn’t a great sign for how quickly we, as a discipline, are bringing new voices into the conversation. If it’s this hard for new voices to be heard, it won’t make much of a difference if the new voices which are heard are more diverse.

⁵ Again, I mean ‘most cited’ according to the noisy and imprecise measure I’m using. I’m moderately confident that cleaning it up wouldn’t change much in this score, save that if Amia Srinivasan’s book was tracked properly, she might be on this list too.

And even if you don’t care about the effects on diversity, it’s just not good for the discipline to be refreshed by new voices. Personally, I think the work that younger philosophers are doing is more interesting than a lot of the older stuff, but it doesn’t seem to be getting as much uptake. So there are a few reasons for disquiet at the lack of new voices in the citation list.

4 Further Work

As I mentioned above, there are plenty of things one can do with this data. If you’d like to look at it yourself, I’ve made a CSV with the core data:

Table of citations from selected journals

The table has four columns:

Cited Piece is the OpenAlex code for the work cited.
Citing Article is the OpenAlex code for the article doing the citing.
Year is the publication year of the citing article. From 2020 onwards, I’ve checked these against the listed volume and issue numbers; before 2020 it’s the raw data.
Journal is which journal the citing article appears in.

If you’re interested in using this data, be sure to properly credit OpenAlex. And if you have ideas for collaborations on this, get in touch!

5 Sources

The data for this post comes from the OpenAlex records for citations from some prominent philosophy journals. I’m using these journals in part because they are indexed by Web of Science. (That’s why Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society is not on the list.) And I’m using them in part because they seemed like prominent philosophy journals.

The way I generated the list was as follows.

I downloaded all the citation data in Web of Science for journal articles listed as either Philosophy or History and Philosophy of Science.
I looked at the citations between articles in this set.
I ranked the journals the articles appeared in by the average number of citations per article they had, just within this set.
I excluded journals that seemed primarily to be history of science (as opposed to philosophy of science), theology, or contintental philosophy. The first two categories were pretty straightforward, the last was a little trickier, and possibly I was too strict in some exclusions.
I also excluded journals that had very few articles per year in this data set. In practice, this meant ruling out a bunch of interdisciplinary journals in which philosophers frequently publish, but which were largely not philosophy journals. As with step 4, I’m not certain I made the right decisions at every point here, and possibly it would have been better to include some more interdisciplinary journals.
After those exclusions, I took the 100 journal with the highest number of average citations per article, meaning of course citations in other articles marked as Philosophy or HPS.
Then for this study, I looked at what those journals did between 2020 and 2024.
In the future I mean to remove book reviews and discussion notes, but for now I haven’t, so they are still in the data.
I adjusted the year entry so that it matched the listed year of publication, and not the date the article was uploaded.
I merged entries for cited articles, when they either had multiple listed dates (e.g., one date for the hardback publication and one for paperback), multiple listed titles (e.g., one with the subtitle, and one without), or multiple listed authors (e.g., just listing the first author, or varying whether a middle initial or a diacritic was included).
When the citations to a book were systematically attributed to a review of that book, I also corrected that as much as I could.

I did not filter which kinds of entries were cited. The categories in Web of Science weren’t used beyond finding that initial list, which was ultimately highly edited. The categories in OpenAlex (which seem very unreliable to me) weren’t used at all.

Table 2 lists which journals were used in this post.

Table 2: The journals that are being measured in this post

Journal	Articles	Outbound Citations	Mean Citations
American Philosophical Quarterly	137	3900	28.47
Analysis	431	6960	16.15
Analytic Philosophy	150	4781	31.87
Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie	152	3931	25.86
Australasian Journal of Philosophy	288	8349	28.99
Biology and Philosophy	249	15129	60.76
British Journal for the History of Philosophy	381	8297	21.78
British Journal for the Philosophy of Science	255	10815	42.41
British Journal of Aesthetics	221	4556	20.62
Bulletin of Symbolic Logic	83	2258	27.20
Canadian Journal of Philosophy	199	7575	38.07
Croatian Journal of Philosophy	85	1856	21.84
Dialogue	160	4122	25.76
Economics and Philosophy	150	4774	31.83
Episteme	204	8310	40.74
Ergo	265	9887	37.31
Erkenntnis	738	30028	40.69
Ethical Theory and Moral Practice	359	10889	30.33
Ethics	105	2623	24.98
Ethics and Information Technology	329	12565	38.19
European Journal for Philosophy of Science	344	18769	54.56
European Journal of Philosophy	461	13460	29.20
Heythrop Journal	87	1076	12.37
History and Philosophy of Logic	171	3426	20.04
Hypatia	299	9400	31.44
Inquiry	822	27893	33.93
International Journal for Philosophy of Religion	155	3397	21.92
International Philosophical Quarterly	4	34	8.50
Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism	227	4796	21.13
Journal of Applied Philosophy	155	4654	30.03
Journal of Chinese Philosophy	11	45	4.09
Journal of Consciousness Studies	184	2097	11.40
Journal of Indian Philosophy	150	2677	17.85
Journal of Medical Ethics	1104	25900	23.46
Journal of Moral Philosophy	90	1836	20.40
Journal of Philosophical Logic	239	7590	31.76
Journal of Philosophical Research	18	261	14.50
Journal of Philosophy	29	555	19.14
Journal of Political Philosophy	61	2382	39.05
Journal of Social Philosophy	201	7925	39.43
Journal of Symbolic Logic	427	8601	20.14
Journal of Value Inquiry	135	3722	27.57
Journal of the American Philosophical Association	209	7496	35.87
Journal of the History of Ideas	24	212	8.83
Journal of the History of Philosophy	42	1184	28.19
Journal of the Philosophy of History	23	190	8.26
Kant-Studien	43	2022	47.02
Kantian Review	221	3944	17.85
Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal	21	523	24.90
Law and Philosophy	27	301	11.15
Linguistics and Philosophy	132	7320	55.45
Logique et Analyse	2	28	14.00
Metaphilosophy	248	6752	27.23
Mind	429	8782	20.47
Mind & Language	255	13563	53.19
Minds and Machines	174	9866	56.70
Monist	134	4253	31.74
Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic	133	2534	19.05
Noûs	198	9950	50.25
Pacific Philosophical Quarterly	165	6658	40.35
Philosophers’ Imprint	81	3262	40.27
Philosophia	646	17203	26.63
Philosophia Mathematica	109	3100	28.44
Philosophical Explorations	134	4278	31.93
Philosophical Forum	81	2071	25.57
Philosophical Investigations	112	2024	18.07
Philosophical Papers	58	1672	28.83
Philosophical Perspectives	60	3205	53.42
Philosophical Psychology	564	25905	45.93
Philosophical Quarterly	347	12369	35.65
Philosophical Review	99	2866	28.95
Philosophical Studies	820	31791	38.77
Philosophy	119	3271	27.49
Philosophy & Public Affairs	21	205	9.76
Philosophy Compass	293	15651	53.42
Philosophy East and West	41	578	14.10
Philosophy and Phenomenological Research	476	17633	37.04
Philosophy and Rhetoric	115	1552	13.50
Philosophy of Science	431	12579	29.19
Philosophy of the Social Sciences	130	4748	36.52
Phronesis	66	1440	21.82
Politics, Philosophy & Economics	103	4030	39.13
Ratio	161	4228	26.26
Res Philosophica	102	2012	19.73
Review of Metaphysics	12	217	18.08
Review of Symbolic Logic	171	5389	31.51
Russell	15	183	12.20
Social Epistemology	318	12159	38.24
Social Philosophy and Policy	63	1691	26.84
South African Journal of Philosophy	160	3927	24.54
Southern Journal of Philosophy	169	5299	31.36
Studia Logica	248	5997	24.18
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science	504	25262	50.12
Synthese	2565	127855	49.85
Theoria	88	2671	30.35
Theory and Decision	270	10308	38.18
Thought	68	1236	18.18
Topoi	536	21468	40.05
Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society	6	74	12.33
Utilitas	142	3495	24.61

A few notes on this:

The articles here include any piece that has listed citations in OpenAlex.
For some journals, especially Journal of Philosophy, Journal of Philosophical Research, Logique et Analyse, and Review of Metaphysics, that means we’re missing a bunch of more recent articles, because OpenAlex can only get things where the bibliography is not behind a paywall.
It is a bit random whether a book review is included, since some but not all book reviews have outbound citations.
The mean number of outbound citations is incredibly high by historical standards, especially when you remember that it is being pulled down by the book reviews.
The differences in mean citations between fields partially explains which kinds of articles are appearing at the top of this list.

References

Aria, Massimo, Trang Le, Corrado Cuccurullo, Alessandra Belfiore, and June Choe. 2024. “openalexR: An r-Tool for Collecting Bibliometric Data from OpenAlex.” The R Journal 15 (4): 167–80. doi: 10.32614/RJ-2023-089.